The paradoxes of risk management in the banking sector

This paper uses empirical evidence to examine the operational dynamics and paradoxical nature of risk management systems in the banking sector. It demonstrates how a core paradox of market versus regulatory demands and an accompanying variety of performance, learning and belonging paradoxes underlie evident tensions in the interaction between front and back office staff in banks. Organisational responses to such paradoxes are found to range from passive to proactive, reflecting differing organisational, departmental and individual risk culture(s), and performance management systems. Nonetheless, a common feature of regulatory initiatives designed to secure a more structurally independent risk management function is that they have failed to rectify a critical imbalance of power - with the back office control functions continuing to be dominated by front office trading and investment functions. Ultimately, viewing the 'core' of risk management systems as a series of connected paradoxes rather than a set of assured, robust practices, requires a fundamental switch in emphasis away from a normative, standards-based approach to risk management to one which gives greater recognition to its behavioural dimensions.     

电网的经济运行

电网中损耗原因有很多,其中变压器损耗、线损和网损是最主要的三种.本文首先介绍了变压器损耗、线损和网损的理论计算方法,然后从多个角度提出了降低配电网的措施.     

Leader Apology in the Employee–Organization Relationship: The Roles of Subordinate Power Distance Belief and Leader Competence

According to the organizational support theory, leaders' words and deeds are not only the products of their own will but also a reflection of organizations' standpoints. We thus focus on leader apology in the case of organizational transgressions and predict that leaders' apologetic acts are likely to influence employees' organization-oriented attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, leader apology is hypothesized to positively influence employees' perception of organizational support, which in turn, is positively associated with employees' helping and risk taking behavior. Furthermore, drawing upon the organizational support theory that delineates the discretion and value perceived in the employee-organization relationship, we further propose that employees' perceived leader competence and power distance belief serve as two contingencies that influence the relationship between leader apology and employees' perceived organizational support. In particular, this relationship is stronger when employees perceive higher leader competence or hold stronger power distance beliefs. Two multi-wave data collected from hospitality employees support these hypotheses. The findings provide a new perspective to comprehending leader apology within the employee-organization relationship wherein leaders are considered as organizational agents. This research extends the existing literature on leader apology that largely focuses on leader apology following leaders’ transgressions and leader-oriented outcomes.     

Customer perspective on overbooking: The failure of customers to enjoy their reserved services,accidental or intended?

Overbooking is widely applied in the service industry to hedge against undesirable situations, such as cancellations and no-shows. However, during the implementation of overbooking, service providers may turn down some customers when the number of arrivals exceeds their capacity on the target date. Therefore, this paper examines overbooking from the customers' perspective to offer them a clear perception on the possibility for their reservations to be denied by the service provider. By establishing a Stackelberg model between a service provider and an online travel agency, we explore how optimal overbooking strategy is developed by the service provider. Afterward, by analyzing the obtained optimal overbooking pad, we calculate the probabilities of denied service under different levels of monetary compensation that is paid to denied customers. A higher monetary compensation guarantees a higher chance of successful service. This paper also provides customers with some reference when booking services.     

市场势力对银行效率影响分析——来自我国商业银行的经验数据

运用我国14家上市和50家未上市商业银行2000~2009年的数据探讨商业银行市场势力对效率的影响。分别测量我国商业银行的市场势力、成本效率以及利润效率,结果发现与未上市商业银行相比,上市商业银行具有较高的市场势力和利润效率以及较低的成本效率。同时分别建立线性模型和非线性模型分析市场势力对效率的影响,结果发现在我国特殊金融环境下,商业银行市场势力与成本效率或利润效率之间均为线性关系;提高商业银行的市场势力,会导致其成本效率显著下降和利润效率显著提升;在所有显著的变量中,信用风险对成本效率和利润效率的影响都是最大的。     

城巿社区管理创新的动力及其作用——一个场域管理视角的分析

社区管理域是影响社区管理的各种要素共同作用而形成的、对社区管理有着不可忽视作用的环境中介.城市社区管理主体的各要素,即地方政府、驻社区企业、社区居民、非政府组织等四个要素对社区管理的作用力和影响力的合力成为社区管理域的域动力.实现社区管理创新的目标必须明确各个主体的角色定位,充分发挥各个主体的作用.     

谈岩滩电厂AGC的避振策略及负荷分配

通过对AGC进行升级改造,加入机组避振策略,能够让机组处于良好的工况下运行。避振策略包括设定单机禁止运行区、尽量少穿越振动区、小负荷分配策略、联合振动区判别等。改造后的AGC系统不仅满足调度的调峰要求,还减少了设备的磨损,对岩滩电厂经济运行有明显的促进作用。     

公众健康权与药品专利权:利益冲突及其政策选择

药品专利权与公众健康权的冲突由来已久,通过政府药品管制及现存法律制度提供的强制许可与平行进口路径,并不能得到有效解决冲突。政府基于责任伦理在国民收入第二次分配中的补偿机制,应当是现阶段公众健康权实现的较为可行的政策选择。     

浅议公私权制衡理论

权力导致腐败,绝对的权力绝对导致腐败。公权的来源和本质决定了公权的行使不是任意毫无阻碍的,而应受到限制。考虑到执权者的个人素质问题,对公权行为的监管就更为必要。既要避免公权过分干预私权侵犯公民基本人权,又要防止公权在行使中由于方法和程序的不当侵犯人权,同时也要防范由于公权行使的不作为造成的在保障私权方面的公权缺位。用法律确定公权角色,使其既不缺位也不越位。